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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ivorium</span></h1>
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<span style="display:none;">Skalenmarkierungen Start</span><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:31.354838709677em;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">-350 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:29.903225806452em;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><span style="display:none;">Skalenmarkierungen Ende</span>
<span style="display:none;">Skalenmarkierungen Start</span><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:28.451612903226em;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">-345 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:27em;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><span style="display:none;">Skalenmarkierungen Ende</span>
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<span style="display:none;">Skalenmarkierungen Start</span><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:22.645161290323em;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">-335 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:21.193548387097em;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><span style="display:none;">Skalenmarkierungen Ende</span>
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<span style="display:none;">Skalenmarkierungen Start</span><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:11.032258064516em;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">-315 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:9.5806451612903em;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><span style="display:none;">Skalenmarkierungen Ende</span>
<span style="display:none;">Skalenmarkierungen Start</span><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:8.1290322580645em;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">-310 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:6.6774193548387em;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><span style="display:none;">Skalenmarkierungen Ende</span>
<span style="display:none;">Skalenmarkierungen Start</span><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:5.2258064516129em;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">-305 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:3.7741935483871em;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><span style="display:none;">Skalenmarkierungen Ende</span>
<span style="display:none;">Skalenmarkierungen Start</span><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:2.3225806451613em;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">-300 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:0.87096774193548em;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><span style="display:none;">Skalenmarkierungen Ende</span>
<p><span style="display:none;">Skalenmarkierungen Start</span><span style="display:none;">Skalenmarkierungen Ende</span>
<span style="display:none;">Skalenmarkierungen Start</span><span style="display:none;">Skalenmarkierungen Ende</span>
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<span style="display:none;">Skalenmarkierungen Start</span><span style="display:none;">Skalenmarkierungen Ende</span>
<span style="display:none;">Skalenmarkierungen Start</span><span style="display:none;">Skalenmarkierungen Ende</span>
<span style="display:none;">Skalenmarkierungen Start</span><span style="display:none;">Skalenmarkierungen Ende</span>
<span style="display:none;">Skalenmarkierungen Start</span><span style="display:none;">Skalenmarkierungen Ende</span>
<span style="display:none;">Skalenmarkierungen Start</span><span style="display:none;">Skalenmarkierungen Ende</span>
<span style="display:none;">Skalenmarkierungen Start</span><span style="display:none;">Skalenmarkierungen Ende</span>
<span style="display:none;">Skalenmarkierungen Start</span><span style="display:none;">Skalenmarkierungen Ende</span>
<span style="display:none;">Skalenmarkierungen Start</span><span style="display:none;">Skalenmarkierungen Ende</span>
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<span style="display:none;">Skalenmarkierungen Start</span><span style="display:none;">Skalenmarkierungen Ende</span>
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background-color:#7AB0A6; border-width:.06em; border-style:solid none; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:16.258064516129em; height:1.3316129032258em; margin-left:18em; width:6em;"><div class="nudge" style="font-size:100%; position:relative; top:-0.86em; left:-0em;"><span style="position:relative; align:center; vertical-align:middle; bottom:-0.7258064516129em;"><span style="font-size:90%;">Pendleium</span></span></div></div><div class="bar" style="font-size:100%; background-color:#7AB0A6; border-width:.06em; border-style:solid none; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:13.935483870968em; height:2.2025806451613em; margin-left:18em; width:6em;"><div class="nudge" style="font-size:100%; position:relative; top:-0.86em; left:-0em;"><span style="position:relative; align:center; vertical-align:middle; bottom:-1.1612903225806em;"><span style="font-size:90%;">Arnsbergium</span></span></div></div><div class="bar" style="font-size:100%; background-color:#7AB0A6; border-width:.06em; border-style:solid none; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:13.354838709677em; height:0.46064516129032em; margin-left:18em; width:6em;"><div class="nudge" style="font-size:100%; position:relative; top:-0.86em; left:-0em;"><span style="position:relative; align:center; vertical-align:middle; bottom:-0.29032258064516em;"><span style="font-size:90%;">Chok./Alp.</span></span></div></div><div class="bar" style="font-size:100%; background-color:#7AB0A6; border-width:.06em; border-style:solid none; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:12.774193548387em; height:0.46064516129032em; margin-left:18em; width:6em;"><div class="nudge" style="font-size:100%; position:relative; top:-0.86em; left:-0em;"><span style="position:relative; align:center; vertical-align:middle; bottom:-0.29032258064516em;"><span style="font-size:90%;">Kinderscoutium</span></span></div></div><div class="bar" style="font-size:100%; background-color:#7AB0A6; border-width:.06em; border-style:solid none; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:11.903225806452em; height:0.75096774193548em; margin-left:18em; width:6em;"><div class="nudge" style="font-size:100%; position:relative; top:-0.86em; left:-0em;"><span style="position:relative; align:center; vertical-align:middle; bottom:-0.43548387096774em;"><span style="font-size:90%;">Yead./Marsd.</span></span></div></div><div class="bar" style="font-size:100%; background-color:#B7AAA8; border-width:.06em; border-style:solid none; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:10.161290322581em; height:1.621935483871em; margin-left:18em; width:6em;"><div class="nudge" style="font-size:100%; position:relative; top:-0.86em; left:-0em;"><span style="position:relative; align:center; vertical-align:middle; bottom:-0.87096774193548em;"><span style="font-size:90%;">Langsettium</span></span></div></div><div class="bar" style="font-size:100%; background-color:#B7AAA8; border-width:.06em; border-style:solid none; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:8.7096774193548em; height:1.3316129032258em; margin-left:18em; width:6em;"><div class="nudge" style="font-size:100%; position:relative; top:-0.86em; left:-0em;"><span style="position:relative; align:center; vertical-align:middle; bottom:-0.7258064516129em;"><span style="font-size:90%;">Duckmantium</span></span></div></div><div class="bar" style="font-size:100%; background-color:#B7AAA8; border-width:.06em; border-style:solid none; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:8.7096774193548em; height:1.3316129032258em; margin-left:18em; width:6em;"><div class="nudge" style="font-size:100%; position:relative; top:-0.86em; left:-0em;"><span style="position:relative; align:center; vertical-align:middle; bottom:-0.7258064516129em;"><span style="font-size:90%;">Duckmantium</span></span></div></div><div class="bar" style="font-size:100%; background-color:#B7AAA8; border-width:.06em; border-style:solid none; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:6.9677419354839em; height:1.621935483871em; margin-left:18em; width:6em;"><div class="nudge" style="font-size:100%; position:relative; top:-0.86em; left:-0em;"><span style="position:relative; align:center; vertical-align:middle; bottom:-0.87096774193548em;"><span style="font-size:90%;">Bolsovium</span></span></div></div><div class="bar" style="font-size:100%; background-color:#B7AAA8; border-width:.06em; border-style:solid none; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:5.2258064516129em; height:1.621935483871em; margin-left:18em; width:6em;"><div class="nudge" style="font-size:100%; position:relative; top:-0.86em; left:-0em;"><span style="position:relative; align:center; vertical-align:middle; bottom:-0.87096774193548em;"><span style="font-size:90%;">Westfalium D</span></span></div></div><div class="bar" style="font-size:100%; background-color:#89A2B5; border-width:.06em; border-style:solid none; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:4.9354838709677em; height:0.17032258064516em; margin-left:18em; width:6em;"><div class="nudge" style="font-size:100%; position:relative; top:-0.86em; left:-0em;"><span style="position:relative; align:center; vertical-align:middle; bottom:-0.14516129032258em;"><span style="font-size:90%;"> </span></span></div></div><div class="bar" style="font-size:100%; background-color:#89A2B5; border-width:.06em; border-style:solid none; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:4.0645161290323em; height:0.75096774193548em; margin-left:18em; width:6em;"><div class="nudge" style="font-size:100%; position:relative; top:-0.86em; left:-0em;"><span style="position:relative; align:center; vertical-align:middle; bottom:-0.43548387096774em;"><span style="font-size:90%;">Barruelium</span></span></div></div><div class="bar" style="font-size:100%; background-color:#89A2B5; border-width:.06em; border-style:solid none; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:3.1935483870968em; height:0.75096774193548em; margin-left:18em; width:6em;"><div class="nudge" style="font-size:100%; position:relative; top:-0.86em; left:-0em;"><span style="position:relative; align:center; vertical-align:middle; bottom:-0.43548387096774em;"><span style="font-size:90%;">Stefanium B</span></span></div></div><div class="bar" style="font-size:100%; background-color:#89A2B5; border-width:.06em; border-style:solid none; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:2.3283870967742em; height:0.74516129032259em; margin-left:18em; width:6em;"><div class="nudge" style="font-size:100%; position:relative; top:-0.86em; left:-0em;"><span style="position:relative; align:center; vertical-align:middle; bottom:-0.43258064516129em;"><span style="font-size:90%;">Stefanium C</span></span></div></div><div class="bar" style="font-size:100%; background-color:#D69971; border-width:.00em; border-style:solid none; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:-0.58064516129032em; height:2.9032258064516em; margin-left:5.8em; width:18.2em;"><div class="nudge" style="font-size:100%; position:relative; top:-0.86em; left:-0em;"><span style="position:relative; align:center; vertical-align:middle; bottom:-1.4516129032258em;"><span style="font-size:90%;"><a href="Autunium" title="Autunium">Autunium</a></span></span></div></div><div class="bar" style="font-size:100%; background-color:black; border-style: none; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:-0.58064516129032em; height:36.58064516129em; margin-left:5.8em; width:0.06em;"><div class="nudge" style="font-size:100%; position:relative; top:-0.86em; left:-0em;"><span style="position:relative; align:center; vertical-align:middle; bottom:-18.290322580645em;"><span style="font-size:90%;"> </span></span></div></div><div class="bar" style="font-size:100%; background-color:black; border-style: none; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:2.3225806451613em; height:33.677419354839em; margin-left:12em; width:0.1em;"><div class="nudge" style="font-size:100%; position:relative; top:-0.86em; left:-0em;"><span style="position:relative; align:center; vertical-align:middle; bottom:-16.838709677419em;"><span style="font-size:90%;"> </span></span></div></div><div class="bar" style="font-size:100%; background-color:black; border-style: none; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:2.3225806451613em; height:33.677419354839em; margin-left:18em; width:0.06em;"><div class="nudge" style="font-size:100%; position:relative; top:-0.86em; left:-0em;"><span style="position:relative; align:center; vertical-align:middle; bottom:-16.838709677419em;"><span style="font-size:90%;"> </span></span></div></div><div class="bar" style="font-size:100%; background-color:black; border-style: none; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:-0.58064516129032em; height:36.58064516129em; margin-left:24em; width:0.060000000000002em;"><div class="nudge" style="font-size:100%; position:relative; top:-0.86em; left:-0em;"><span style="position:relative; align:center; vertical-align:middle; bottom:-18.290322580645em;"><span style="font-size:90%;"> </span></span></div></div><div class="bar" style="font-size:100%; background-color:black; border-style: none; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:13.296774193548em; height:0.058064516129045em; margin-left:12em; width:1em;"><div class="nudge" style="font-size:100%; position:relative; top:-0.86em; left:-0em;"><span style="position:relative; align:center; vertical-align:middle; bottom:-0.029032258064523em;"><span style="font-size:90%;"> </span></span></div></div><div class="bar" style="font-size:100%; background-color:black; border-style: none; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:10.103225806452em; height:0.058064516129045em; margin-left:12em; width:1em;"><div class="nudge" style="font-size:100%; position:relative; top:-0.86em; left:-0em;"><span style="position:relative; align:center; vertical-align:middle; bottom:-0.029032258064523em;"><span style="font-size:90%;"> </span></span></div></div><div class="bar" style="font-size:100%; background-color:black; border-style: none; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:8.6516129032258em; height:0.058064516129045em; margin-left:12em; width:1em;"><div class="nudge" style="font-size:100%; position:relative; top:-0.86em; left:-0em;"><span style="position:relative; align:center; vertical-align:middle; bottom:-0.029032258064523em;"><span style="font-size:90%;"> </span></span></div></div><div class="bar" style="font-size:100%; background-color:black; border-style: none; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:6.9096774193548em; height:0.058064516129045em; margin-left:12em; width:1em;"><div class="nudge" style="font-size:100%; position:relative; top:-0.86em; left:-0em;"><span style="position:relative; align:center; vertical-align:middle; bottom:-0.029032258064523em;"><span style="font-size:90%;"> </span></span></div></div><div class="bar" style="font-size:100%; background-color:black; border-style: none; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:4.8774193548387em; height:0.058064516129045em; margin-left:12em; width:1em;"><div class="nudge" style="font-size:100%; position:relative; top:-0.86em; left:-0em;"><span style="position:relative; align:center; vertical-align:middle; bottom:-0.029032258064523em;"><span style="font-size:90%;"> </span></span></div></div><div class="bar" style="font-size:100%; background-color:black; border-style: none; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:4.0064516129032em; height:0.058064516129045em; margin-left:12em; width:1em;"><div class="nudge" style="font-size:100%; position:relative; top:-0.86em; left:-0em;"><span style="position:relative; align:center; vertical-align:middle; bottom:-0.029032258064523em;"><span style="font-size:90%;"> </span></span></div></div><div class="bar" style="font-size:100%; background-color:black; border-style: none; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:3.1354838709677em; height:0.058064516129045em; margin-left:12em; width:1em;"><div class="nudge" style="font-size:100%; position:relative; top:-0.86em; left:-0em;"><span style="position:relative; align:center; vertical-align:middle; bottom:-0.029032258064523em;"><span style="font-size:90%;"> </span></span></div></div></div><div id="Annotations" style="float:left; position:relative; width:8.25em"><div style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:15.677419354839em;"><div style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:2.3em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; font-size:90%; color:#007777; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><b>A</b></span></div></div><div style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:12.91935483871em;"><div style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:2.3em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; font-size:90%; color:#007777; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><b>B/C</b></span></div></div><div style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:11.467741935484em;"><div style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:2.3em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; font-size:90%; color:#007777; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><b>A</b></span></div></div><div style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:18em;"><div style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; font-size:90%; color:var(--color-base, #000000); vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"></span></div></div><div style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:9.7258064516129em;"><div style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:2.3em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; font-size:90%; color:#007777; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><b>B</b></span></div></div><div style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:7.9838709677419em;"><div style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:2.3em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; font-size:90%; color:#007777; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><b>C</b></span></div></div><div style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:6.5322580645161em;"><div style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:2.3em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; font-size:90%; color:#007777; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><b>D</b></span></div></div><div style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:4.7903225806452em;"><div style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:2.3em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; font-size:90%; color:#007777; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><b>A</b></span></div></div><div style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:3.9193548387097em;"><div style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:2.3em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; font-size:90%; color:#007777; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><b>B</b></span></div></div><div style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:3.0483870967742em;"><div style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:2.3em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; font-size:90%; color:#007777; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><b>C</b></span></div></div><div style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:18em;"><div style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; font-size:90%; color:var(--color-base, #000000); vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"></span></div></div><div style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:18em;"><div style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; font-size:90%; color:var(--color-base, #000000); vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"></span></div></div><div style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:18em;"><div style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; font-size:90%; color:var(--color-base, #000000); vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"></span></div></div><div style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:4.0645161290323em;"><div style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:3.3em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; font-size:90%; color:#000000; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><a href="Stefanium" title="Stefanium">Stefanium</a></span></div></div><div style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:8.8548387096774em;"><div style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:3.3em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; font-size:90%; color:#000000; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><a href="Westfalium" title="Westfalium">Westfalium</a></span></div></div><div style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:37.161290322581em;"><div style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-10em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; font-size:90%; color:#007777; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><b>Chronostratigr.<br>Gliederung</b></span></div></div><div style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:18em;"><div style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; font-size:90%; color:var(--color-base, #000000); vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"></span></div></div><div style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:37.161290322581em;"><div style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:1.5em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; font-size:90%; color:#007777; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><b>Karbon/Belgien</b></span></div></div><div style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:18em;"><div style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; font-size:90%; color:var(--color-base, #000000); vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"></span></div></div><div style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:18em;"><div style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; font-size:90%; color:var(--color-base, #000000); vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"></span></div></div><div style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:18em;"><div style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; font-size:90%; color:var(--color-base, #000000); vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"></span></div></div><div style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:18em;"><div style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; font-size:90%; color:var(--color-base, #000000); vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"></span></div></div><div style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:18em;"><div style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; font-size:90%; color:var(--color-base, #000000); vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"></span></div></div><div style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:18em;"><div style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; font-size:90%; color:var(--color-base, #000000); vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"></span></div></div><div style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:18em;"><div style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; font-size:90%; color:var(--color-base, #000000); vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"></span></div></div><div style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:18em;"><div style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; font-size:90%; color:var(--color-base, #000000); vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"></span></div></div><div style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:18em;"><div style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; font-size:90%; color:var(--color-base, #000000); vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"></span></div></div><div style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:18em;"><div style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; font-size:90%; color:var(--color-base, #000000); vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"></span></div></div><div style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:18em;"><div style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; font-size:90%; color:var(--color-base, #000000); vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"></span></div></div><div style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:18em;"><div style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; 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<p>Das <b>Ivorium</b> ist in der <a href="Erdgeschichte" class="mw-redirect" title="Erdgeschichte">Erdgeschichte</a> ein Zeitabschnitt des <a href="Karbon_(Geologie)" class="mw-redirect" title="Karbon (Geologie)">Karbon</a>. Es ist die obere regionale <a href="Stufe_(Geologie)" title="Stufe (Geologie)">Unterstufe</a> (von manchen Autoren auch als Stufe benutzt) der regionalen und globalen <a href="Stufe_(Geologie)" title="Stufe (Geologie)">Stufe</a> des <a href="Tournaisium" title="Tournaisium">Tournaisiums</a> in <a href="Belgien" title="Belgien">Belgien</a>. In absoluten Zahlen ausgedrückt dauerte das Ivorium von etwa 351,5 bis etwa 345,5 Millionen Jahren<sup id="cite_ref-STD2002_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-STD2002-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. In der Stufen-/Unterstufengliederung des Karbon in Belgien geht dem Ivorium das <a href="Hastarium" title="Hastarium">Hastarium</a> voran, es wird vom <a href="Moliniacium" title="Moliniacium">Moliniacium</a>, der unteren regionalen Unterstufe des <a href="Vis%C3%A9um" title="Viséum">Viséum</a> gefolgt.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geschichte_und_Namensgebung">Geschichte und Namensgebung</h2></div>
<p>Die Unterstufe bzw. Stufe ist nach dem Ort <a href="Yvoir" title="Yvoir">Yvoir</a>, am rechten Ufer der Maas, zwischen <a href="Namur" title="Namur">Namur</a> und <a href="Dinant" title="Dinant">Dinant</a> (Belgien) benannt. Das Ivorium wurde von <a href="Raphael_Conil" class="mw-redirect" title="Raphael Conil">Raphael Conil</a>, Eric Groessens und Henri Pirlet 1977 ursprünglich als Stufe vorgeschlagen, von späteren Autoren jedoch meist im Rang einer Unterstufe benutzt<sup id="cite_ref-Hance_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hance-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Nach der Stratigraphischen Tabelle von Deutschland 2002 ist es auch in Deutschland als Unterstufe des Tournaisium verfügbar.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition_und_Korrelation">Definition und Korrelation</h2></div>
<p>Die Basis des Ivorium wird durch das Erstauftreten der <a href="Conodonten" title="Conodonten">Conodonten</a>-(Unter-)Art <i>Polygnathus communis carina</i> definiert. Das Erstauftreten der <a href="Foraminiferen" title="Foraminiferen">Foraminiferen</a>-Art <i>Eoparastaffella simplex</i> markiert die Basis des darauf folgenden <a href="Moliniacium" title="Moliniacium">Moliniaciums</a> und damit auch die Obergrenze des Ivorium. Das Ivorium wird heute mit dem oberen Teil des Tournaisium korreliert.<sup id="cite_ref-Hance_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hance-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Das absolute Alter des Ivorium ist umstritten. Nach Menning et al. (2000) dauerte es von 348 bis 342,5 Millionen Jahre<sup id="cite_ref-Menning_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Menning-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, nach der Stratigraphischen Tabelle von Deutschland 2002 (STD2002) reicht das Ivorium von etwa 351,5 bis etwa 345,5 Millionen Jahren. Mit einer Dauer von 3,7 Millionen (von 349 bis 345,3) ist es in der Geological Time Scale 2004 (GTS2004) am kürzesten.<sup id="cite_ref-GTS2004_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GTS2004-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Untergliederung">Untergliederung</h2></div>
<p>Das Ivorium kann biostratigraphisch in die <a href="Foraminiferen" title="Foraminiferen">Foraminiferen</a>-Zone MFZ5 bis MFZ8 untergliedert werden. In der Abfolge der <a href="Rugosa" title="Rugosa">rugosen Korallen</a> nimmt es die Zonen RC3 und den unteren Teil der RC4 ein<sup id="cite_ref-Hance_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hance-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Quellen">Quellen</h2></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h3></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-STD2002-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-STD2002_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">nach der Stratigraphischen Tabelle von Deutschland. Diese Altersangaben differieren etwas zu den Altersangaben der International Stratigraphic Chart von 2009</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Hance-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Hance_2-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Hance_2-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Hance_2-2">c</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Hance et al. (2006: S. 117ff.)</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Menning-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Menning_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">siehe Weyer & Menning (2006: S. 28, Tab.1), Vergleiche mehrerer Zeitskalen</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-GTS2004-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-GTS2004_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Felix M. Gradstein et al.: <i>A geologic time scale 2004</i>. 589 S., Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge 2004. ISBN 0-521-78673-8 und ISBN 0-521-78142-6</span>
</li>
</ol>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literatur">Literatur</h3></div>
<ul><li>Raphael Conil, Eric Groessens und Henri Pirlet: <i>Nouvelle charte stratigraphique du Dinantien type de la Belgique.</i> Annales de la Société géologique du Nord, 96: 363-371, Lille 1977 <span class="-print"><a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%220767-7367%22&key=cql">0767-7367</a></span></span></li>
<li>Luc Hance, Édouard Poty und François-Xavier Devuyst: <i>Ivorian.</i> Geologica Belgica 9(1-2): 117-122 Brüssel 2006 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://popups.ulg.ac.be/Geol/docannexe.php?id=1135">PDF</a></li>
<li>Dieter Weyer und Manfred Menning: <i>Geologische Zeitskala, stratigraphische Nomenklatur und Magnetostratigraphie.</i> In: <i>Stratigraphie von Deutschland VI Unterkarbon (Mississippium)</i>, Schriftenreihe der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften, 41: 27-50, Hannover 2006, ISBN 3-932537-37-8.</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>
<ul><li>Deutsche Stratigraphische Kommission, Manfred Menning (Hrsg.): <cite style="font-style:italic">Stratigraphische Tabelle von Deutschland 2002</cite>. Potsdam 2002, ISBN 3-00-010197-7 (1 Blatt, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stratigraphie.de/std2002/download/STD2002_large.pdf">Stratigraphie.de</a> [PDF; <span style="white-space:nowrap">6,6<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>MB</span>]).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Ivorium&rft.btitle=Stratigraphische+Tabelle+von+Deutschland+2002&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=3000101977&rft.place=Potsdam" style="display:none"> </span></li></ul></div><!--htdig_noindex--><div><div class="zim-footer">
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